Phono EQ Curves FAQ — Topic Index

Phono EQ Curve FAQ

Questions about EQ curves, answered one topic at a time. Each page can be read independently.

Fundamentals

• What is phono equalization, and why is it necessary?
• What is the RIAA curve?
• When was the RIAA curve established?
• What EQ curves existed before RIAA?
• Why did RIAA become the standard?
• How did record playback technology evolve?
• What is hot stylus recording?
• Glossary

History

• Who invented the LP?
• What was the "Battle of the Speeds"?
• What was the Columbia LP curve?
• Why did the U.S. and Europe use different EQ curves?
• How did listeners play records back then?
• What was the "Sapphire Group"?
• Stokowski and Bell Labs: the experimental recordings
• What equipment did Rudy Van Gelder use for cutting?

Sound and perception

• Can you hear a difference when you change the EQ curve?
• EQ curve vs. mastering — which determines the sound?
• What factors besides the EQ curve affect the sound of a record?
• Listening tests vs. documentation — which should you trust for identifying EQ curves?

Practical guide

• How should I play pre-RIAA records?
• When did each label switch to the RIAA curve?
• What EQ curves were used on mono LPs from 1948 to 1958?
• What curve should I use for 78 rpm records?
• Do I need a variable-EQ phono equalizer?
• Is there a reliable EQ curve reference?

Stereo LPs and EQ curves

• Are all U.S. stereo LPs on the RIAA curve?
• Why is there so much disagreement about EQ curves?

→ Read the history in brief (In a Nutshell)

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