Kohji Matsubayashi (松林弘治)

Things I learned on Phono EQ curves, Pt. 20

EQカーブの歴史、ディスク録音の歴史を学ぶ本シリーズ。前回 Pt.19 では、1950年代中盤〜1970年代の代表的なカッティングアンプと内蔵録音フォノイコの取説や回路図を調査し、どのように RIAA 録音カーブが実現されていたかを学びました。

On the previous part 19, I learned how the RIAA recording curve was accomplished with various recording amplifiers and built-in recording EQs from the mid-1950s to 1970s.

今回の Pt.20 では、1954年前半に RIAA 録音再生特性の標準規格化が策定されたあと、米国の各レーベルがどのように RIAA に移行していったか、その痕跡を探すと同時に、過去〜現在における EQ カーブ調査の系譜についてもみていきます。

In this Pt. 20, we’re going to look for traces of how the U.S. labels migrated to RIAA, after the standardization of RIAA Recording and Reproducing Standards in early 1954, as well as to examine the genealogy of the studies and researches on EQ curves, from past to the present.

CSL (Columbia Standard Level)

SIDE II, ZRD 431-1A (from my own collection)
COLUMBIA STANDARD CHARACTERISTIC as per R.I.A.A. — N.A.R.T.B. industry norm.
A playback system equalized to this standard should reproduce this record ± 1 db from 10 KC to 30 cycles, and from 15 KC to 10 KC ± 1 db at 6 db below that from 10 KC to 30 cycles.

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Kohji Matsubayashi (松林弘治)

Things I learned on Phono EQ curves, Pt. 3

前回 は、電気録音黎明期のあれこれについて調べました。今回は、その後発展していく電気録音、そして 1930年前後の各レーベルの状況 について引き続き調べていきます。

On the previous part, I studied on more of the history of Electrical Recording in its very early years, along with several digressions… This time, I am going to continue learning the evolution of the electrical recording, as well as the situation of record labels around the 1930s.

American Epic; Recording The {Twenties, Thirties} Read More / 続きを読む
Kohji Matsubayashi (松林弘治)

Things I learned on Phono EQ curves, Pt. 1

Pt.0 (はじめに) の続きです。

This article is a sequel to “Things I learned on Phono EQ curves, Pt.0”.

レコードのEQカーブについて深掘りする前に、そもそも なぜイコライゼーションが生まれたのか、なぜ必要とされたのか、その歴史から調べてみることにしました。また、更にさかのぼって、音を溝に記録するとはどういうことか、についても学び直すことにしました。なので、カーブの話に到達するまでに長い道のりになってしまう予定です(笑)

Before digging deeper about EQ curves, I started to study from the very beginning: why the EQ curve was born, why it was/is needed for phonograph recording (and playback). Also, I tried to re-study the very basic – how the recording sounds are converted to a modulated spiral groove. So I’m afraid it will take very long before I reach the story of the EQ curve itself…

Digital image of the surface of 78 rpm record taken with optical magnification. The illumination is coaxial (the light falls vertically onto horizontal record), therefore only horizontal parts of the record reflect the light back into the optical system. These include the inter-groove surface of the record represented by the wide bands in the picture, and the bottom portion of the groove, represented by the thin lines. The scratches on the inter-groove surface are clearly seen. The size of the imaged surface is 2.35 x 2.19 mm 2 .

Audio Reconstruction of Mechanically Recorded Sound by Digital Processing of Metrological Data – Scientific Figure on ResearchGate.
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Digital-image-of-the-surface-of-78-rpm-record-taken-with-optical-magnification-The_fig1_242606860 (accessed 4 Sep, 2022)

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Kohji Matsubayashi (松林弘治)

Things I learned on Phono EQ curves, Pt. 0

以下、持論・異論・珍説が飛び交う、議論多き「フォノEQカーブ」について、1920年代電気録音黎明期にまで歴史を遡り、録音・再生カーブのみならず、ディスク録音全般について、正しく理解するために勉強した軌跡です。長編になります。

Following is just the beginning of the long series of the study I have been doing for a while, regarding the controversial topic “Phono EQ Curves” – people having various opinions on it, although many of them are subjective and not scientifical. I started the study and research of the history of disc recording as a whole, from the very early electrical disc recording technology in the 1920s.

我が家では15年ほど前から、78rpm や非RIAA LP用に Esoteric Sound (Rek-o-kut) Re-Equalizer という簡易式アドオン型フォノイコライザを使用しています。実は昨年、Re-Equalizer III という最新バージョンに置き換えたのですが。

Since 2006, I’ve been using Esoteric Sound (Rek-o-kut) Re-Equalizer (actually I replaced it with the most recent version Re-Equalizer III in 2021) for 78rpms and pre-RIAA LPs. It’s a niche phono EQ compensator.

Esoteric Sound Re-Equalizer

Esoteric Sound Re-Equalizer III (above), bought in 2021
Esoteric Sound Re-Equalizer (bottom), bought in 2006

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